Combination of heat treatment and chitosan coating to improve postharvest quality of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum)

The synergistic application of hot water dip at 42 °C for 30 min and 1% chitosan coating on differentiation in postharvest quality traits, microstructure as well as microbiological evolution of wolfberry fruits was investigated. Fresh wolfberry fruits were stored at 2 ± 0.5 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for 28 days. Results indicated the combination of prestorage heat treatment and chitosan coating maintained higher levels of ascorbic acid, total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity as well as lower decay, compared with untreated wolfberry fruits. The possible mechanism was that the heat treatment almost sealed open stomata to limit the sites of pathogen penetration into fruits independently, followed by the biofilm formed by chitosan which controlled secondary infections as well as slowed changes in fruit respiration and metabolic activity in wolfberries. The synergistically treated fruit also exhibited a higher acceptability obtained by sensory analysis after cold storage. In this sense, the integrated application of heat treatment and chitosan coating could be regarded as an effective strategy to extend storage life and maintain the postharvest quality of wolfberry fruits.     

Influences of chip serration on micro-topography of machined surface in high-speed cutting

Saw-tooth chip changes from macroscopically continuous ribbon to separated segments with the increase of cutting speed. The aim of this study is to find the correlations between chip morphology and machined surface micro-topography at different chip serration stages encountered in high speed cutting. High strength alloy steel AerMet100 was employed in orthogonal cutting experiments to obtain chips at different serration stages and corresponding machined surfaces. The chips and machined surfaces obtained were then examined with optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and white light interferometer (WLI). The result shows that chip serration causes micro-waves on machined surface, which increases machined surface roughness. However, wave amplitudes (surface roughness) at different serration stages are different. The principal factor influencing wave amplitude is the thickness of the sawed segment (tooth) of saw-tooth chip. With cutting parameters in this study, surface roughness contributed by chip serration ranges from 0.39 μm to 1.85 μm. This may bring on serious problems in the case of trying to replace grinding with high-speed cutting in rough machining. Some suggestions have been proposed to control the chip serration-caused surface roughness in high-speed cutting based on the results of the current study.     

Effect of microstructure on the fatigue crack growth behaviour of a near-α Ti alloy

Fatigue crack growth behaviour of Ti–6Al–2Zr–1.5Mo–1.5V (VT-20 a near-α Ti alloy) was studied in lamellar, bimodal and acicular microstructural conditions. Fatigue crack growth tests at both increasing and decreasing stress intensity factor range values were performed at ambient temperature and a loading ratio of 0.3 using compact tension samples. Lamellar and acicular microstructures showed lower fatigue crack growth rates as compared to the bimodal microstructure due to the tortuous nature of cracks in the former and the cleavage of primary α in the latter. The threshold stress intensity factor range was highest for acicular microstructure.     

Chemische Zusammensetzung und Mikrostruktur polymerabgeleiteter Gläser und Keramiken im System Si–C–O. Teil 2: Charakterisierung der Gefügeausbildung mittels hochauflösender Durchstrahlungselektronenmikroskopie und Feinbereichsbeugung

Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Polymer‐Derived Glasses and Ceramics in the Si–C–O System. Part 2: Characterization of microstructure formation by means of high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction Liquid or solid silicone resins represent the economically most interesting class of organic precursors for the pyrolytic production of glass and ceramics materials on silicon basis. As dense, dimensionally stable components can be cost‐effectively achieved by admixing reactive filler powders, chemical composition and microstructure development of the polymer‐derived residues must be exactly known during thermal decomposition. Thus, in the present work, glasses and ceramics produced by pyrolysis of the model precursor polymethylsiloxane at temperatures from 525 to 1550 °C are investigated. In part 1, by means of analytical electron microscopy, the bonding state of silicon was determined on a nanometre scale and the phase separation of the metastable Si–C–O matrix into SiO₂, C and SiC was proved. The in‐situ crystallization could be considerably accelerated by adding fine‐grained powder of inert fillers, such as Al₂O₃ or SiC, which permits effective process control. In part 2, the microstructure is characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction. Turbostratic carbon and cubic β‐SiC precipitate as crystallization products. Theses phases are embedded in an amorphous matrix. Inert fillers reduce the crystallization temperature by several hundred °C. In this case, the polymer‐derived Si–C–O material acts as a binding agent between the powder particles. Reaction layer formation does not occur. On the investigated pyrolysis conditions, no crystallization of SiO₂ was observed.     

用于高频谐振器的PbTiO_3基压电陶瓷

传统的PZT压电陶瓷的相对介电常数较大,一般为1 000以上,用于高频谐振器不易与线路匹配;而PbTiO3基压电陶瓷的相对介电常数较小,一般仅为200左右,对于10 MHz以上频率的谐振器,用PbTiO3基压电陶瓷作为压电振子是最佳的选择。本文主要研究用于高频谐振器的MnO2和Nd2O3改性PbTiO3基压电陶瓷的性质。PbTiO3基压电陶瓷的性质的改善是与此种陶瓷的制备工艺,显微结构和电导机制紧密相关的。     

Microstructure of Feta Cheese Made Using Different Cultures as Determined by Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy

ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to observe the microstructure of feta cheese using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Low fat cheese and cheese containing capsule-producing cultures were made. The protein network was observed using the reflectance mode of the confocal microscope. Fat was stained by Nile red dye diluted with whey. More even distribution of fat with a larger number of smaller globules was observed in cheese made with noncapsule-forming culture compared to that made with the capsule-forming culture. Nonfat cheese had compact structure when made with noncapsule-forming culture which contrasted with the open structure observed in cheese made with the capsule-forming culture     

Formation and growth mechanism of TiC crystal in TiC_p/Ti composites

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LD钢超塑性压缩变形参数与金相组织

通过对ＬＤ（７Ｃｒ７Ｍｏ３Ｖ２Ｓｉ）模具钢起塑性压缩变形后的金相组织观察研究，分析了变形参数、原始组织对变形后金相组织的影响。     

半固态ZnAl 27合金及其二次加热组织

研究了半固态ZnAl27合金及其二次加热组织。结果表明，半固态ZnAl27合金基本无宏观偏析，其组织为细小均匀的近球形非枝晶，综合力学性能远远高于常规铸造合金；二次加热后，α相进一步球化，边缘变得光滑圆整，可以满足半固态触变成形的需要。     

激光熔覆Ni基SiC合金涂层组织与性能的研究

利用5kWCO2连续波激光器在16Mn钢基材表面对含20%(体积比)SiC陶瓷粉末的镍基自熔性合金粉末进行激光熔覆得到Ni基SiC合金涂层(NiSiC)。研究了合金涂层的组织形貌及相结构,并用单纯的镍基合金涂层(Ni60)进行了显微硬度及滑动磨损性能的对比试验。结果表明,NiSiC合金涂层由γ枝晶及其间的共晶组织组成,主要组成相为γ-Ni,γ-(Ni,Fe)固溶体和(Cr,Fe)7C3,Cr23C6及(Cr,Si)3Ni3Si等化合物。添加SiC的镍基合金涂层NiSiC比单纯的镍基合金涂层Ni60具有较高的硬度和耐磨性。